Consulta enfermera de Educación Terapéutica en asma grave / Outpatient nurse clinic on Therapeutic Education for severe asthma

La enfermera de la Unidad de Alergología del Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid) propuso al equipo crear una consulta monográfica de educación en asma dada la alta prevalencia, consiguiendo el consenso del equipo interdisciplinar, y la acreditación de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica. El proyecto de creación de la nueva consulta surgió al finalizar la pandemia de COVID-19, debido a la necesidad de mejorar la educación y el seguimiento de estos pacientes crónicos para reducir las recidivas. La Consulta de Educación en Asma Grave se puso en marcha en marzo de 2022. La educación terapéutica, como proceso continuo de cuidados centrado en el paciente, es una de las claves para mejorar el control de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida del paciente-familia. La enfermera es el profesional esencial que interviene en todos los procesos asistenciales, que puede conseguir promover el empoderamiento del paciente frente a su enfermedad, así como su rol activo en autocuidados. (AU)

The nurses from the Allergology Unit of the Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda (Madrid) put forward to the team the idea of creating a specialized outpatient clinic on asthma education, given its high prevalence, and obtained consensus by the interdisciplinary team and accreditation by the Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. The project for creating this new outpatient clinic came up at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the need to improve the education and follow-up of these chronic patients in order to reduce relapses. The Outpatient Clinic for Education on Severe Asthma was launched in March 2022. Therapeutic education, as an ongoing process of patient-centred care, is one of the keys to improve disease control and the quality of life of patients and their families. The nurse is the key professional involved in all processes of care, who can achieve the promotion of patient empowerment regarding their disease, as well as an active role in self-care. (AU)

Nuevos Recursos Digitales y 3D en la Enseñanza de Anatomía. Experiencia Internacional Reportada en el "Sectra Users Meeting 2019", Karolinska Institutet, Suecia, antes de la Pandemia de COVID-19 / New Digital and 3D Resources in the Teaching of Anatomy. International Experience Reported in the "Sectra Users Meeting 2019", Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, Before the Pandemic COVID-19

El uso de nuevos recursos tecnológicos en la enseñanza de anatomía ha impulsado la necesidad de adaptar el modelo educativo haciéndolo más centrado en el estudiante, dinámico y participativo mediante herramientas digitales y 3D; orientando los conocimientos hacia su aplicación clínica, pero bajo un ajuste curricular que tiende a cursar menos horas presenciales en aula o laboratorio. Este trabajo describe la experiencia local de una nueva Escuela de Medicina en Chile, reportada el año 2018, además y otros trabajos de centros formadores presentados en el "SECTRA Users Meeting 2019 Estocolmo", Karolinska Institutet, Suecia. Este trabajo describe los reportes orales sobre la aplicación de nuevos recursos digitales como; la mesa de disección digital táctil SECTRA® y modelos anatómicos cadavéricos impresos en 3D Erler-Zimmer®, bases de datos sobre anatomía digital, además, su impacto en el desempeño académico, reportado por usuarios de diferentes países, tales como: Australia, Canadá, Chile, China, Colombia, Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (EUA) y Suecia. Los datos fueron recopilados y analizados a partir de la información reportada en las presentaciones orales y resúmenes entregados por los expositores. La gran mayoría de los países expositores declararon el uso combinado de recursos digitales y 3D sumados a los tradicionales para la enseñanza de anatomía. Sólo el representante de EUA declaró usar exclusivamente recursos digitales (en laboratorio y en línea), experiencia correspondiente a una joven e innovadora escuela de medicina. La mayoría de los centros docentes declaró utilizar la mesa de disección digital en una amplia proporción de sus contenidos curriculares, en asociación a plataformas tipo RIS/PACS como IDS7 portal de SECTRA o las utilizadas por el centro formador. El uso de nuevas tecnologías digitales y 3D ha ganado un importante espacio en el currículum de la enseñanza de anatomía, complementando el uso de los recursos tradicionales.

SUMMARY: The use of new technological resources in the teaching of anatomy has promoted the need to adapt the educational model, making it more student-centered, dynamic, and participatory through digital and 3D tools, directing the knowledge towards its clinical application, but under a curricular adjustment that tends to take fewer contact hours in the classroom or laboratory. This work describes the local experience of a new School of Medicine in Chile, reported in 2018, and other work from training centers presented at the "SECTRA Users Meeting 2019 Stockholm", Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. This work describes the oral reports on the application of new digital resources such as; the SECTRA® digital tactile dissection table and Erler- Zimmer® 3D printed cadaveric anatomical models, databases on digital anatomy, in addition, its impact on academic performance, reported by users from different countries, such as Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, United States of America (USA) and Sweden. The data was collected and analyzed from the information reported in the oral presentations and summaries delivered by the speakers.The vast majority of the exhibiting countries declared the combined use of digital and 3D resources added to the traditional ones for teaching anatomy. Only the representative from the USA stated that they exclusively used digital resources (in the laboratory and online), an experience corresponding to a young and innovative medical school. Most of the educational centers stated that they used the digital dissection table in a large proportion of their curricular contents, in association with RIS/PACS-type platforms such as the IDS7 SECTRA portal or those used by the training center. The use of new digital and 3D technologies has gained an important space in the anatomy teaching curriculum, complementing the use of traditional resources.

Digital Health Education: Determining Competences and Piloting Innovative Study Course.

Digital technology for health services plays a critical role in the delivery of health services. In order to move towards universal healthcare, improvement of patient outcomes and better health, one must make use of the advantages of Digital Health tools and recognition of the role of the health ICT worker. Therefore, it is necessary to have a workforce that is competent to use these tools. Uniquely positioned at the intersection of healthcare and information technology, the domain of Digital Health builds on a variety of disciplines termed biomedical and health informatics, and other allied fields. With the increasing need to have a knowledgeable, skilled and competent workforce, it is necessary to concentrate efforts towards the provision of education modules in Digital Health. While continuing medical education, certificate courses and other similar courses attempt to bridge the gap in the delivery of Digital Health education, it is also paramount to establish dedicated and standalone courses. Streamlining approaches to Digital Health Education across disciplinary, cultural and national boundaries, is key to address the challenges of firmly embedding Digital Health courses in the fabric of university education. In the effort to provide the necessary knowledge, skills and competencies (KSCs) to the current health ICT worker, the Deggendorf Institute of Technology, European Campus Rottal-Inn (DIT-ECRI) is in the process of piloting a virtual course in Global Digital Health. With the ability to provide core competencies in Digital heath, this virtual course is a step towards advancing Global Digital Health Education.

Kidney health for all: Bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy

The high burden of kidney disease, global disparities in kidney care, and poor outcomes of kidney failure bring a concomitant growing burden to persons affected, their families, and carers, and the community at large. Health literacy is the degree to which persons and organizations have or equitably enable individuals to have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to make informed health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Rather than viewing health literacy as a patient deficit, improving health literacy largely rests with health care providers communicating and educating effectively in codesigned partnership with those with kidney disease. For kidney policy makers, health literacy provides the imperative to shift organizations to a culture that places the person at the center of health care. The growing capability of and access to technology provides new opportunities to enhance education and awareness of kidney disease for all stakeholders. Advances in telecommunication, including social media platforms, can be leveraged to enhance persons’ and providers’ education; The World Kidney Day declares 2022 as the year of “Kidney Health for All” to promote global teamwork in advancing strategies in bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy. Kidney organizations should work toward shifting the patient-deficit health literacy narrative to that of being the responsibility of health care providers and health policy makers. By engaging in and supporting kidney health-centered policy making, community health planning, and health literacy approaches for all, the kidney communities strive to prevent kidney diseases and enable living well with kidney disease.

Práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência: uma revisão realista / Educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence: a realistic review / Prácticas educativas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la adolescencia: una revisión realista

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas acerca das práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência. Método: foi realizada uma revisão realista, utilizada para o embasamento de práticas e políticas de intervenção em realidades sociais complexas, em fevereiro de 2022, para responder à questão norteadora: quais são as práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência? Resultados: foram incluídos 17 estudos, dos quais emergiu o preceito teórico: práticas dialógicas e participativas a respeito das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, realizadas em grupo, no ambiente escolar e de longa duração favorecem a adesão à participação nas atividades educativas e são mais bem recebidas e avaliadas pelos adolescentes. Conclusão: a revisão realista alcançou os seus propósitos em determinar: o que, como, para quem e em quais circunstâncias, determinada intervenção funciona em um contexto social.

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence about educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence. Method: a realistic review was carried out, used as a basis for intervention practices and policies in complex social realities, in February 2022, to answer the guiding question: what are the educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence? Results: 17 studies were included, from which the theoretical precept emerged: dialogic and participatory practices regarding sexually transmitted infections, carried out in groups, in the school environment and on a long-term basis, favor adherence to participation in educational activities and are better received and evaluated by adolescents. Conclusion: the realist review achieved its purposes in determining what, how, for whom and under what circumstances a given intervention works in a social context.

Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica sobre prácticas educativas para la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual en la adolescencia. Método: se realizó una revisión realista, utilizada para sustentar prácticas y políticas de intervención en realidades sociales complejas, en febrero de 2022, para responder a la pregunta orientadora: ¿cuáles son las prácticas educativas para la prevención de las ITS en la adolescencia? Resultados: se incluyeron 17 estudios, de los cuales surgió el precepto teórico: las prácticas dialógicas y participativas en torno a las infecciones de transmisión sexual, realizadas en grupo, en el ámbito escolar y a largo plazo, favorecen la adherencia a la participación en las actividades educativas y son mejor recibidas y evaluadas por adolescentes. Conclusión: la revisión realista logró sus propósitos al determinar: qué, cómo, para quién y en qué circunstancias funciona una determinada intervención en un contexto social.

Generalist training and the professional practice option according to the student's perception

Desde que foram implantadas as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Medicina com ênfase à formação de profissionais com perfil generalista desconhece-se os fatores que podem contribuir com o interesse pelo exercício profissional. Estudo transversal descritivo e analítico de caráter qualitativo explanatório com 523 acadêmicos dos diversos cursos de medicina da cidade de Salvador-Bahia, que responderam um questionário online após assinatura do TCLE. A amostra foi categorizada em interesse na Especialização Imediata (EI) e entre aqueles que pretendem Atuar como Generalistas (AG). A idade e o período do curso também foram categorizados em grupos. A idade da amostra era de 18 a 25 anos em 83,7% (n=438), sendo 72,5% (n=380) do sexo feminino, cursando do 4º ao 9º semestre em 69% (n=363). O grupo Especialização Imediata representou 27,2% (IC95%: 35%-73%) e o grupo que pretende Atuar como Generalista, 72,8% (IC95%: 68%- 76%). A formação generalista não influenciou a opção pelo exercício profissional com RR=0,81 (IC95%: 0,55-1,20) p=0,308. Os fatores associados a AG foram: pertencer a instituição pública (p=0,041) acreditar na capacidade de resolubilidade do generalista e nas diretrizes do SUS (p<0,001), o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade (p=0,005) e a credibilidade da sociedade (p=0,044). Os estudantes percebem que a grade curricular contempla a formação generalista, no entanto não influenciou o interesse pelo exercício profissional. O desejo de atuar como generalista está presente em um número expressivo entre eles, movido pelo altruísmo e o desejo de contribuir com a sociedade, respaldados pelas leis orgânicas que fundamentam as Diretrizes do SUS, ao mesmo tempo em que não se sentir valorizado e ter sua credibilidade questionada pela sociedade, estimulam ao exercício profissional apenas de modo temporário

Since the National Curricular Guidelines for the Medicine course were implemented, with emphasis on the training of professionals with a generalist profile, the factors that may contribute to the interest in professional practice are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the perception of medical students regarding their generalist training and the factors that influence the desire for professional practice. Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of qualitative and explanatory character with 523 students from different medical courses in the city of Salvador-Bahia, who answered an online survey after signing the informed consent form. The sample was categorized into interest in Immediate Specialization (IS) and among those who intend to Act as a Generalist (AG). The age and period of the course were also categorized into groups. The age of the sample was 18 to 25 years in 83.7% (n = 438), with 72.5% (n = 380) being female, attending 69% of the 4º to 9º semesters (n = 363). The Immediate Specialization group represented 27.2% (95% CI: 35% -73%) and the group that intends to Act as a Generalist, 72.8% (95% CI: 68% -76%). General training did not influence the option for professional practice with RR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55-1.20) p = 0.308. The factors associated with AG were believing in the generalist's resolution capacity and SUS guidelines (p <0.001), the desire to contribute to society (p = 0.005) and society's credibility (p = 0.044). Students perceive that the curriculum includes general training, however it did not influence the interest in professional practice. The desire to act as a generalist is present in a significant number among them, driven by altruism and the desire to contribute to society, supported by the organic laws that underlie the SUS Guidelines, while not feeling valued and having its credibility, questioned by society, only stimulates professional practice on a temporary basis.

Diabetes self-management education interventions in the WHO African Region: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the commonest chronic diseases worldwide. Self-Management Education (SME) is regarded as a critical element of treatment for all people with diabetes, as well as those at risk of developing the condition. While a great variety of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions are available in high-income countries, limited information exists on educational programs for the prevention and management of diabetes complications in Africa. This study, therefore, aimed at synthesizing information in the literature to describe the state of the science of DSME interventions in the WHO African Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a scoping review, which followed the standard PRISMA guidelines for conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A systematic keyword and subject headings searches were conducted on six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify relevant English language publications on DSME from 2000 through 2020. Titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full text reading. All eligible papers were retrieved and full text screening was done by three independent reviewers to select studies for inclusion in the final analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included in the review. The interventions identified were individually oriented, group-based, individually oriented & group-based, and information technology-based DSME programs. Outcomes of the interventions were mixed. While the majority yielded significant positive results on HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, blood pressure, blood sugar and foot care practices; few demonstrated positive outcomes on self-efficacy, BMI, physical activity; self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The limited studies available indicate that DSME interventions in the WHO African Region have mixed effects on patient behaviors and health outcomes. That notwithstanding, the majority of the interventions demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on HbA1c, the main outcome measure in most DSME intervention studies.

Geographic disparities and temporal changes of diabetes prevalence and diabetes self-management education program participation in Florida.

BACKGROUND: Although Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) programs are recommended to help reduce the burden of diabetes and diabetes-related complications, Florida is one of the states with the lowest DSME participation rates. Moreover, there is evidence of geographic disparities of not only DSME participation rates but the burden of diabetes as well. Understanding these disparities is critical for guiding control programs geared at improving participation rates and diabetes outcomes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (a) investigate geographic disparities of diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates; and (b) identify predictors of the observed disparities in DSME participation rates. METHODS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for 2007 and 2010 were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates were computed at the county level and their geographic distributions visualized using choropleth maps. Significant changes in diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates between 2007 and 2010 were assessed and counties showing significant changes were mapped. Clusters of high diabetes prevalence before and after adjusting for common risk factors and DSME participation rates were identified, using Tango's flexible spatial scan statistics, and their geographic distribution displayed in maps. Determinants of the geographic distribution of DSME participation rates and predictors of the identified high rate clusters were identified using ordinary least squares and logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS: County level age-adjusted diabetes prevalence varied from 4.7% to 17.8% while DSME participation rates varied from 26.6% to 81.2%. There were significant (p≤0.05) increases in both overall age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates from 2007 to 2010 with diabetes prevalence increasing from 7.7% in 2007 to 8.6% in 2010 while DSME participation rates increased from 51.4% in 2007 to 55.1% in 2010. Generally, DSME participation rates decreased in rural areas while they increased in urban areas. High prevalence clusters of diabetes (both adjusted and unadjusted) were identified in northern and central Florida, while clusters of high DSME participation rates were identified in central Florida. Rural counties and those with high proportion of Hispanics tended to have low DSME participation rates. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirm that geographic disparities in both diabetes prevalence and DSME participation rates exist. Specific attention is required to address these disparities especially in areas that have high diabetes prevalence but low DSME participation rates. Study findings are useful for guiding resource allocation geared at reducing disparities and improving diabetes outcomes.

Delivering eye health education to deprived communities in India through a social media-based innovation.

In this article, Chandrani Maitra, with her supervisor, Prof. Jennifer Rowley, reports on her PhD research conducted at Manchester Metropolitan University. This research aimed to develop understanding of the benefits of, and the challenges associated with the use of social media to disseminate eye health information in deprived communities in India. Such communities typically have a low level of access to health information, as the result of poor literacy, poverty, lack of women's empowerment, cultural practices, society dynamics, and medical malpractice. This study used an intervention based on the social media platform, WhatsApp, to educate a group of women volunteers so that they were able to contribute to the management of the eye health of their family, friends, and neighbours. Interviews were conducted with deprived community members (DCMs), community healthcare advocates (CHAs) and, healthcare professionals (HCPs). The DCMs reported a number of benefits associated with their participation in the eye health intervention. CHAs and HCPs agreed that an extended roll out of the intervention had potential to deliver benefits, but expressed concerns that some of the ongoing social challenges facing deprived communities might act as barriers to progress. F.J.

Seeking community water fluoridation information on state health department websites.

Community water fluoridation (CWF) is the most effective and equitable approach to preventing dental caries (tooth decay). Yet millions of Americans, especially those at highest risk of caries, do not know what CWF is or its preventive benefits. State health departments are responsible for educating their respective populations. Thus, this study assessed health department websites (N = 50) to determine if CWF content existed, the ease of finding it, and if it was written in plain language and for a consumer audience. We used the web component of the HLE2: The Health Literacy Environment of Hospitals and Health Centers (HLE2) to assess how easy or difficult it was to the navigate a website and find information. Forty-one websites had CWF information; 37 states had content written for a consumer audience. HLE2 scores ranged from 0 to 54 points (60 possible). Only five states had websites with a HLE2 score of 50 or higher. SHDs with higher HLE2 scores were easy to navigate and their content was written for a consumer audience. Study findings suggest most SHDs should improve their website's CWF content and its accessibility to better promote the role of fluoridated water in preventing dental caries.

Teachers and School Health Leaders' Perspectives on Distance Learning Physical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students and teachers have transitioned to online learning. The transition required changes in teaching practices to accommodate for an online learning environment. However, there are no studies characterizing physical educators' and school health experts' perspectives on physical education via distance learning or identifying best practices and their implications for student health. METHODS: Using purposive and snowball sampling, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 physical education teachers and school health experts across 21 California school districts on best practices for physical education via distance learning. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (1) participants felt high quality physical education via distance learning was both critical and possible; (2) strategies for creating a successful distance learning environment included personalization, creativity, and inclusiveness; (3) resources necessary for success included professional development, administrative support, and equipment; and (4) lessons for the long-term. CONCLUSIONS: Participants identified effective strategies, challenges, and recommendations for the future. Participants felt optimistic about their ability to provide quality physical education via distance learning, given the necessary supports, and perceived that they played a critical role in supporting student health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Brazilian women's use of evidence-based practices in childbirth after participating in the Senses of Birth intervention: A mixed-methods study.

Brazil has a cesarean rate of 56% and low use of Intrapartum Evidence-based Practices (IEBP) of 3.4%, reflecting a medically centered and highly interventionist maternal health care model. The Senses of Birth (SoB) is a health education intervention created to promote normal birth, use of EBP, and reduce unnecessary c-sections. This study aimed to understand the use of intrapartum EBP by Brazilian women who participated in the SoB intervention. 555 women answered the questionnaire between 2015 and 2016. Bivariate analysis and ANOVA test were used to identify if social-demographic factors, childbirth information, and perceived knowledge were associated with the use of EBP. A qualitative analysis was performed to explore women's experiences. Research participants used the following EBP: birth plan (55.2%), companionship during childbirth (81.6%), midwife care (54.2%), freedom of mobility during labor (57.7%), choice of position during delivery (57.2%), and non-pharmacological pain relief methods (74.2%). Doula support was low (26.9%). Being a black woman was associated with not using a birth plan or having doula support. Women who gave birth in private hospitals were more likely not to use the EBP. Barriers to the use of EBP identified by women were an absence of individualized care, non-respect for their choices or provision of EBP by health care providers, inadequate structure and ambiance in hospitals to use EBP, and rigid protocols not centered on women's needs. The SoB intervention was identified as a potential facilitator. Women who used EBP described a sense of control over their bodies and perceived self-efficacy to advocate for their chosen practices. Women saw the strategies to overcome barriers as a path to become their childbirth protagonist. Health education is essential to increase the use of EBP; however, it should be implemented combined with changes in the maternal care system, promoting woman-centered and evidence-based models.

Knowledge and attitude of the communities towards COVID-19 and associated factors among Gondar City residents, northwest Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing global outbreak of acute respiratory disease and viral pneumonia. In order to tackle the devastating condition of the virus, countries need to attack the virus with aggressive and targeted tactics. Thus, to strengthen the COVID-19 mitigation measures and to give rapid response, there is an urgent need to understand the public's knowledge and attitude about of the pandemic at this critical moment. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of communities about COVID-19 and associated factors among Gondar City residents. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was done among 623 respondents in Gondar city from April 20-27/2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from different literatures. The data were entered using Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into STATA version 14 for analysis. Bi-variable and multivariable binary logistic regression were performed. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was used to declare statistically significant variables on the basis of p value less than 0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression model. RESULTS: The overall knowledge and attitude of the community towards COVID19 was 51.85% [95% CI (47.91%-55.78%)] and 53.13% [95% CI (49.20, 57.06%)], respectively. In this study, being married [AOR = 0.60 at 95% CI: (0.42, 0.86)], educational level; primary [AOR = 3.14 at 95% CI: (1.78,5.54)], secondary [AOR = 2.81 at 95% CI: (1.70,4.63)], college and above [AOR = 4.49 at 95% CI: 7.92, 13.98)], and family size [AOR = 1.80, at 95% CI: (1.05, 3.08)] were emerged as statistically significant factors impacting the knowledge of the community about COVID-19. Besides, educational level; primary [AOR = 1.76 at 95% CI: (1.03, 3.01)], secondary [AOR = 1.69 at 95% CI: (1.07, 2.68)], and college & above [AOR = 2.38 at 95% CI: (1.50, 3.79)], and family size; four to six members [AOR = 1.84 at 95% CI (1.27, 2.67)], above seven members [AOR = 1.79 at 95% CI (1.08, 2.96)] were factors identified as significantly attribute for positive attitude of the communities towards COVID-19. CONCLUSION: More than half of the respondents had better knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19. Higher educational level and larger family size were significant factors predominantly affecting the knowledge and attitude of the communities towards COVID-19.

Moving Forward to the Future: A Review of Microbial Food Safety Education in China.

Millions of foodborne illness cases occur in China annually, causing significant social and economic burdens. Improper food handling has been observed not only among commercial food handlers but also among residential food handlers. It is critical to conduct a comprehensive scoping review of previous efforts to identify food safety knowledge gaps, explore the factors impacting knowledge levels, and synthesize the effectiveness of all types of food safety educational interventions for commercial and residential food handlers in China. This review aims to analyze food safety education studies published over the past 20 years and provide foundations for developing more effective food safety educational interventions in China. A total of 35 studies were included in this review. Most studies reported that Chinese commercial and residential food handlers had insufficient food safety knowledge, especially in the areas of foodborne pathogens and safe food-handling practices. The factors impacting food handlers' knowledge levels included education level, gender, income level, residency (rural vs. urban), the use of WeMedia, college students' major, and food safety training experiences. Food handlers in the following demographic groups tend to have lower levels of food safety knowledge: lower education levels, the elderly, males, lower-income levels, rural residents, those who do not use WeMedia, those without food safety training experience, or college students in nonbiology-focused majors. Many food handlers did not always follow recommended food safety practices, such as proper meat handling practices, handwashing practices, and cleaning and sanitation practices. Thirteen studies evaluated the effectiveness of educational interventions, and knowledge increases were reported after all interventions. The findings of this review provide guidance to researchers, educators, and government agencies in their future efforts to develop education programs emphasizing the importance of microbial food-safety content and behavior change regarding food safety and hygiene practices.

School-Based Health Education Research: Charting the Course for the Future.

SHAPE America has identified four goals as part of the 50 Million Strong by 2029 initiative; one of these goals is healthy behavior. School-based health education is uniquely positioned to be a primary route through which this goal can be achieved. Health education is an academic subject included in a well-rounded education, based on health behavior and learning theory, research-based and taught by licensed and trained health educators with adequate instructional time. Health education helps students acquire functional knowledge about a variety of topics and develop health-related skills resulting in personal competence and self-efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing evidence examining school-based health education and to articulate future directions for research that will solidify school-based health education as a necessary and efficacious strategy for improving the health and wellness of youth.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Internship Activities at Health Organizations in Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to describe the impact of COVID-19 on internship activities at health organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study is a secondary analysis of data set that was collected from 101 health science interns from different health organizations. The majority of interns were trained or started their internships at public health organizations (64.29%), while 6.12% and 29.59% were at private and other health organizations, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most health organizations chose to continue the internships (76.53%), while others (23.47%) decided to suspend trainings. Health organizations have taken different actions to overcome the internship issues during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Instrumentos de avaliação de ensino-aprendizagem de materiais didáticos utilizados na atenção básica- scoping review / Methods of evaluating the effectiveness of teaching materials used in primary health care- scoping review

Identificar, junto à literatura, quais os métodos mais eficientes para avaliar a aplicação dos materiais didáticos na Atenção Básica, enfatizando o público infanto-juvenil,Scoping Review, por meio da pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais os métodos de avaliação de ensino-aprendizagem da educação em saúde nas escolas, no contexto da Atenção Primária, para crianças e adolescentes?". A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Search for an Author Profile (SCOPUS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Entre os 285 estudos encontrados, 13 fizeram parte da amostra por responderem à pergunta de pesquisa. Entre os 13 estudos analisados, 9 (69,24%) foram publicados nos últimos nove anos e 4 (30,76%) entre 1991 e 1999. Todos são de língua inglesa e a maior parte deles aborda hábitos alimentares e físicos (30,7%). Sobre o ensino-aprendizagem, as estratégias mais efetivas foram aquelas que incluíam a família e a comunidade e/ou desenvolviam a autonomia do aluno no processo. A maioria utilizou questionários autorais para avaliar a educação em saúde, exceto na temática alimentação e atividades físicas, em que dados antropométricos foram mais frequentemente utilizados. O assunto é recente, publicado, na maior parte, no exterior. A maioria dos instrumentos de avaliação foram criados pelos próprios autores e os aspectos clínicos majoritariamente investigados nos estudos tratavam sobre as questões alimentares. As estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem mostraram-se mais efetivas quando adolescentes eram o público-alvo.

To identify the most efficient methods for evaluating the effectiveness of teaching materials in Primary Health Care, aimed at school-age youngsters, Scoping Review. Our leading question was: Which are the evaluation methodologies of the teaching-learning process in health education in schools in Primary Health Care used with kids and teenagers (schooling age youngsters)? The search occurred on the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Search for an Author Profile (SCOPUS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Among the 285 studies found, 13 (100%) constituted our sample for answering our leading question. Among the 13 studies analyzed, 9 (69,24%) were published in the past 9 years and 4 (30,76%) between 1991 and 1999. All were in English, and most were on eating and physical habits (30,7%). Concerning the learning-teaching process, the most effective strategies included family and community and/or aimed to develop students' autonomy. Most were based on self-made questionnaires to evaluate health education activities, except for the studies on feeding/nutrition and physical activities, which frequently used anthropometric data. Due to its newness, most of the work on the subject was from abroad. The authors created most of the evaluation methodologies, and nutrition and feeding were the main topics investigat-ed. Teaching-learning strategies were more effective among teenagers.

Concordância entre dois instrumentos para avaliação do letramento em saúde / Concordancia entre dos instrumentos para evaluación de la alfabetización en salud / Concordance between two instruments for health literacy assessment

Objetivo: Determinar a concordância entre os instrumentos de mensuração short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOFHLA) e short assessment of health literacy for Portuguese-speaking adults (SAHLPA-18) como estratégia para estimar a validade concorrente. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para testar a validade concorrente, aplicou-se abordagem de concordância com teste de Kappa ponderado para dados qualitativos. Resultados: Participaram 372 indivíduos, dos quais 66% e 62% não apresentaram nível de letramento adequado, segundo o SAHLPA-18 e o S-TOFHLA, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação forte entre os instrumentos (p<0,001; r=0,60); e a concordância de acertos encontrada, 65,3% (Kappa=0,35; p<0,001), foi considerada fraca. Conclusão: Os instrumentos SAHLPA-18 e S-TOFHLA apresentam constructos diferentes e fraca concordância. É indicado o uso de diferentes instrumentos em pesquisas de mensuração do nível de letramento; e desenvolvimento de instrumentos específicos às condições de saúde que permitam obter resultado próximo ao real contexto dos indivíduos.

Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia entre instrumentos de medición psicométrica short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOFHLA) y short assessment of health literacy for portuguese-speaking adults (SAHLPA-18) como estrategia para estimar la validez concurrente. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Para testear la validez concurrente se aplicó un enfoque de concordancia con una prueba ponderada de Kappa para datos cualitativos. Resultados: participaron 372 individuos. Se encontró que 66% y 62% de estos no tenía un nivel adecuado de letramiento según SAHLPA-18 y S-TOFHLA, respectivamente. Hubo una fuerte correlación entre los instrumentos (p<0.001; r=0.60), sin embargo 65.3% de concordancia, se consideró débil (Kappa=0.35; p<0.001). Conclusión: Los instrumentos SAHLPA-18 y S-TOFHLA tienen diferentes construcciones y escasa concordancia. En la investigación se indica el uso de diferentes instrumentos para medir el nivel de letramiento y el desarrollo de instrumentos específicos a las condiciones de salud que permitan obtener resultados cercanos al contexto real de los individuos.

Objetivo: To determine agreement between the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults (SAHLPA-18) measurement instruments as a strategy for estimating concurrent validity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with users of the Brazilian National Health System. An agreement approach using a weighted Kappa test for qualitative data was applied in order to test for concurrent validity. Results: 372 individuals participated. It was found that 66% and 62% of them did not have an adequate level of literacy according to SAHLPA-18 and S-TOFHLA, respectively. There was strong correlation between the instruments (p<0.001; r=0.60), although the 65.3% agreement of correct answers found was considered weak (Kappa=0.35; p<0.001). Conclusion: The SAHLPA-18 and S-TOFHLA instruments have different constructs and poor agreement. Use of different instruments is indicated in research intended to measure level of literacy, as is the development of instruments specific to health conditions that allow results close to the real context of individuals to be obtained.